引用本文: 杨小琴，黄曦叶，刘金平，兰芳，黄柳. 土层厚度对千根草构件性状和生物量分配及拓展能力的影响. 草业科学, 2020, 37(10): 1994-2002 doi: shu

Citation: YANG X Q, HUANG X Y, LIU J L, LAN F, HUANG L. Effects of soil thickness on component properties, biomass structure and expanding ability of . Pratacultural Science, 2020, 37(10): 1994-2002 doi: shu

土层厚度对千根草构件性状和生物量分配及拓展能力的影响

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重庆欢乐生肖 xihuashifandaxuexinanyeshengdongzhiwuziyuanbaohushengbugongjianjiaoyubuzhongdianshiyanshi，sichuan nanchong 637009

作者简介: 杨小琴(1996-)，女，四川广元人，在读硕士生，研究方向为植物栽培养护。E-mail: ;

通讯作者: 刘金平,

基金项目:重庆欢乐生肖西华师范大学国培项目(17C046)

摘要: 针对亚热带地区汀步草坪草种缺乏的问题，在室外4个土层厚度(2、4、8和12 cm)的地砖缝隙中，种植乡土草种千根草(Euphorbia thymifolia)，越夏后测定植株存活率、构件性状、生物量和拓展能力，分析土层厚度对千根草生存、生长和生殖策略的影响。结果显示: 1) 土层厚度显著影响千根草越夏存活率(P < 0.05)，在2 cm土层厚度、土壤含水量16.90%、地表温度76.80 ℃条件下，存活率可达85.67%。2) 土层厚度对千根草叶性状影响顺序为叶片数 > 叶面积 > 叶厚 > 叶长 > 叶宽，对茎性状影响顺序为二级分枝数 > 茎长 > 株高 > 一级分枝数，对根性状影响顺序为不定根数 > 主根直径 > 侧根数 > 主根长，对花性状影响顺序为花数/株 > 花序数/株 > 花数/花序 > 种子数/花 > 种子千粒重，通过形态可塑性提高其适应能力，千根草在4个土层厚度中均可完成生活史。3) 土层厚度显著影响千根草生物量结构(P < 0.05)，2 cm土层厚度中生物量优先向定根和不定根分配，4 cm土层厚度中优先向茎分配，当土层厚度 ≥ 8 cm时优先向花果分配，通过生物量合理分配改变其生长策略。4) 土层厚度显著影响千根草的分枝率和拓展能力(P < 0.05)，影响顺序为分枝率 > 拓展空间 > 拓展面积 > 拓展密度，2–12 cm土层厚度中，1 cm茎长分枝率在1.72～8.31枝，每株覆盖面积在841～2 656 cm²，密度在2.65～4.81枝·cm⁻³。综上，千根草的耐热性和抗旱性极强，可据土层厚度调整其生长策略，适合在汀步草坪建植中推广应用。

关键词:

English

Effects of soil thickness on component properties, biomass structure and expanding ability of Euphorbia thymifolia

重庆欢乐生肖 key laboratory of southwest china wildlife resources conservation, ministry of education, china west normal university, nanchong 637009, sichuan, china

Corresponding author: Jinping LIU,

Received Date: 2019-03-13
Available Online: 2019-10-15

Abstract: Aiming to address the lack of suitable turfgrass species that can be used in stepping stone gaps in subtropical areas, four soil layers (2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-cm-thick) were set in outdoor floor tiles gaps, in which the native grass Euphorbia thymifolia was planted as the experimental material. Plant survival rate, component properties, biomass, and expansion ability were measured after summer. The effect of soil depth on the survival, growth, and reproduction strategies were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Soil depth significantly affected the survival rate in summer (P < 0.05). Survival rate increased with the increase in soil depth; even in 2-cm-thick soil, with 16.90% soil water content and 76.80 ℃ surface temperature, the survival rate of E. thymifolia reached 85.67%. 2) The order of influence of soil depth on leaf characteristics was number > area > thickness > length > width, on stem characteristics was secondary branch number > stem length > plant height > primary branch number, on root characteristics was indefinite root number > main root diameter > lateral root number > main root length, and on flower characteristics was flower number per plant > inflorescence number per plant > flower number per inflorescence > seed number per flower > 1 000 seed weight. E. thymifolia exhibited extreme morphological plasticity, and could significantly adjust component properties according to soil depth (P < 0.05); therefore, E. thymifolia could complete its life cycle with plump seeds at all four soil depths. 3) Soil depth significantly affected biomass structure of E. thymifolia (P < 0.05). The biomass in 2-cm-thick soil was preferentially distributed to the root and adventitious root; however, in 4-cm-thick soil it was to the stem, whereas in soil depth of ≥ 8 cm it was to the flower and fruit. Therefore, the biomass could be reasonably distributed among components, which showed a growth strategy with reasonable biomass allocation. 4) Soil depth significantly affected branching and expansion ability of E. thymifolia (P < 0.05), with the order of influence being branching rate > expansion space > expansion area > extension density. For soil depths of 2–12 cm, the branching rate of stems 1 cm in length was 1.72～8.31 branch, the coverage area of each plant was 841～2 656 cm², and the expansion density was 2.65～4.81 branch·cm⁻³. To summarize, E. thymifolia exhibited strong heat and drought resistance, and could adjust its growth strategy according to soil depth; therefore, it is suitable for promoting as a turfgrass for planting in stepping stone gaps.

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表 1 土层厚度对千根草茎性状的影响

Table 1. Effects of soil layer thickness on stem characteristics of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	存活率 Survival rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm	一级分枝数 Number of first branches per plant	二级分枝数 Number of secondary branches per plant	茎长Stem length/cm
2	85.67 ± 3.19d	1.30 ± 0.19c	3.60 ± 0.55b	28.33 ± 3.54d	16.30 ± 1.60c
4	91.33 ± 2.84c	1.40 ± 0.16bc	3.60 ± 1.82b	55.03 ± 4.79c	18.90 ± 8.06bc
8	98.33 ± 0.15b	1.63 ± 0.13b	4.00 ± 2.00ab	216.13 ± 21.58b	26.83 ± 5.25ab
12	99.67 ± 0.13a	1.97 ± 0.15a	4.33 ± 0.58a	238.17 ± 14.78a	28.67 ± 6.03a
F	8.231	11.932	3.823	44.107	14.105
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.042	< 0.001	< 0.001
同列不同小写字母表示不同土层间差异显著(P < 0.05)；F表示F检验的显著性，F值越大表示越显著，P表示概率值；下表同。　Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 level; F value indicates the significance of the F test, a greater F value indicates higher significance, and P value indicates the probability value; this is applicable for the following tables as well.

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表 2 重庆欢乐生肖土层厚度对千根草根性状的影响

Table 2. Effects of soil layer thickness on root characteristics of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	侧根数 Lateral root number per plant	不定根数 Adventitious root number per plant	主根长 Taproot length/cm	主根直径 Taproot diameter/mm
2	2.17 ± 0.09c	16.13 ± 2.62d	10.38 ± 2.16ab	0.54 ± 0.06b
4	5.03 ± 1.04a	25.03 ± 4.11c	8.20 ± 2.56b	0.56 ± 0.15b
8	3.17 ± 0.31b	36.06 ± 3.52b	11.70 ± 1.20a	0.97 ± 0.21a
12	3.06 ± 0.08b	54.17 ± 2.33a	12.00 ± 1.32a	1.07 ± 0.15a
F	5.177	18.318	4.543	14.034
P	0.002	< 0.001	0.026	< 0.001

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表 3 重庆欢乐生肖土层厚度对千根草叶性状的影响

Table 3. Effects of soil layer thickness on the leaf characteristics of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	叶片数 Leaf numberper plant	叶厚 Leaf thickness/mm	叶长 Leaf length/mm	叶宽 Leaf width/mm	叶面积 Leaf area/mm²
2	425.80 ± 78.86d	0.23 ± 0.07a	3.58 ± 0.27d	2.68 ± 0.28c	8.52 ± 0.97c
4	954.00 ± 108.37c	0.20 ± 0.02b	3.77 ± 0.52c	2.77 ± 0.44b	9.07 ± 2.15b
8	3 121.67 ± 274.29b	0.19 ± 0.03b	3.89 ± 0.55b	3.08 ± 0.40a	9.12 ± 2.49b
12	3 500.67 ± 589.39a	0.17 ± 0.02c	4.04 ± 0.47a	3.04 ± 0.34a	9.53 ± 1.86a
F	67.963	4.903	4.879	4.628	5.226
P	< 0.001	0.026	0.032	0.036	0.017

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表 4 土层厚度对千根草花性状的影响

Table 4. Effects of soil layer thickness on the flower characteristics of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	每株花序数 Inflorescence number per plant	每花序花数 Flower number per inflorescence	每株花数 Flower number per plant	每花种子数 Seed number per flower	种子千粒重1 000 seed weight/g
2	98.13 ± 7.24d	1.17 ± 0.36c	114.81 ± 11.22d	1.33 ± 0.33c	0.14 ± 0.05a
4	412.17 ± 11.37c	2.33 ± 0.22b	972.00 ± 28.65c	1.67 ± 0.24b	0.14 ± 0.03a
8	1 227.06 ± 26.84b	3.06 ± 0.08a	3 754.80 ± 112.36b	3.13 ± 0.14a	0.14 ± 0.02a
12	1 568.17 ± 9.18a	3.17 ± 0.04a	4 971.09 ± 65.32a	3.16 ± 0.31a	0.14 ± 0.01a
F	46.312	14.113	167.381	9.697	0.166
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.982

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表 5 土层厚度对千根草生物量的影响

Table 5. Effect of soil layer thickness on biomass of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	构件生物量累积 Component biomass accumulation/g					地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/g	地下生物量 Underground biomass/g	总生物量 Total biomass/g
土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花果 Flower and fruit	根 Root	不定根 Adventitious roots	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/g	地下生物量 Underground biomass/g	总生物量 Total biomass/g
2	0.076 ± 0.008d	0.109 ± 0.014d	0.002 ± 0.001d	0.022 ± 0.004b	0.009 ± 0.006b	0.197 ± 0.025d	0.022 ± 0.004b	0.218 ± 0.025d
4	0.190 ± 0.151c	0.180 ± 0.099c	0.016 ± 0.015c	0.016 ± 0.006b	0.002 ± 0.002c	0.388 ± 0.247c	0.016 ± 0.006b	0.404 ± 0.251c
8	0.510 ± 0.120b	0.583 ± 0.084b	0.106 ± 0.054b	0.051 ± 0.006a	0.009 ± 0.007b	1.208 ± 0.089b	0.051 ± 0.006a	1.260 ± 0.093b
12	0.602 ± 0.180a	0.642 ± 0.089a	0.120 ± 0.024a	0.046 ± 0.016a	0.023 ± 0.013a	1.387 ± 0.261a	0.046 ± 0.016a	1.433 ± 0.274a
F	15.138	43.406	10.780	17.848	5.507	39.512	17.848	39.391
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.013	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

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表 6 重庆欢乐生肖土层厚度对千根草生物量分配比的影响

Table 6. Effects of soil layer thickness on biomass allocation ratio of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	生物量分配比 Biomass distribution ratio/%					地上生物量比 Aboveground biomass ratio/%	根冠比 Root shoot ratio/%
土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花果 Flower and fruit	根 Root	不定根 Adventitious roots	地上生物量比 Aboveground biomass ratio/%	根冠比 Root shoot ratio/%
2	35.12 ± 2.25c	49.77 ± 1.99a	0.97 ± 0.38c	10.04 ± 1.90a	4.10 ± 2.32a	89.96 ± 1.90c	11.17 ± 1.65a
4	44.77 ± 8.34a	45.56 ± 3.76b	4.38 ± 4.36b	4.53 ± 1.78b	0.78 ± 0.60c	95.47 ± 1.78b	4.12 ± 0.58b
8	40.17 ± 6.63b	46.36 ± 6.15b	8.63 ± 5.11a	4.08 ± 0.27b	0.76 ± 0.60c	95.92 ± 0.27b	4.22 ± 0.18b
12	41.44 ± 4.45b	45.09 ± 2.48b	8.74 ± 2.91a	3.19 ± 0.62c	1.54 ± 0.65b	96.81 ± 0.62a	3.32 ± 0.51c
F	4.237	3.581	9.725	18.074	5.426	18.068	19.131
P	0.036	0.048	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.014	< 0.001	< 0.001

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表 7 重庆欢乐生肖土层厚度对千根草拓展指标的影响

Table 7. Effect of soil layer thickness on the development indexes of Euphorbia thymifolia

土层厚度 Soil layer/cm	拓展面积 Expansion area/cm²	拓展空间 Expansion space/cm³	拓展密度 Extension density/(branch·cm⁻³)	分枝率 Branching ratio/(branch·cm⁻¹)
2	840.735 ± 161.419d	1 082.687 ± 220.103d	0.026 ± 0.005d	1.722 ± 0.195c
4	1 284.73 ± 1 100.273c	1 902.291 ± 1 846.549c	0.043 ± 0.024c	2.981 ± 0.822b
8	2 318.628 ± 882.319b	3 780.000 ± 732.232b	0.058 ± 0.025a	8.219 ± 2.061a
12	2 656.440 ± 1 105.650a	5 138.505 ± 1 800.993a	0.048 ± 0.008b	8.306 ± 0.190a
F	13.454	26.862	5.446	47.102
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.025	< 0.001

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表 8 土层厚度对土壤含水量和地表温湿度的影响

Table 8. Effects of soil layer thickness on soil moisture content and surface temperature and humidity

土层厚度 Soil layer/ cm	6月 June			8月 August
土层厚度 Soil layer/ cm	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content/%	地表湿度 Surface humidity/%	地表温度 Surface temperature/℃	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content/%	地表湿度 Surface humidity/%	地表温度 Surface temperature/℃
2	33.87 ± 0.27d	53.81 ± 0.14d	48.67 ± 3.12a	16.90 ± 1.54d	52.67 ± 3.38c	76.80 ± 1.57a
4	36.55 ± 0.23c	58.06 ± 0.25c	49.15 ± 2.54a	18.83 ± 1.48c	52.71 ± 4.17c	75.83 ± 1.46b
8	41.65 ± 0.41b	62.97 ± 4.15b	47.86 ± 3.04b	23.17 ± 1.62b	56.32 ± 2.08b	74.77 ± 1.58c
12	46.02 ± 0.18a	64.08 ± 5.27a	47.23 ± 2.13c	24.85 ± 1.50a	58.11 ± 2.52a	74.80 ± 1.57c
F	66.661	14.061	4.850	77.522	74.166	5.154
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.025	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.014

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通讯作者: 陈斌,

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重庆欢乐生肖

土层厚度对千根草构件性状和生物量分配及拓展能力的影响

作者简介: 杨小琴(1996-)，女，四川广元人，在读硕士生，研究方向为植物栽培养护。E-mail: ;

通讯作者: 刘金平,

English

Effects of soil thickness on component properties, biomass structure and expanding ability of Euphorbia thymifolia

Corresponding author: Jinping LIU,

重庆欢乐生肖

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