引用本文: 马建国，侯扶江，Saman BOWATTE. 青藏高原高寒草甸有毒植物对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物丰度的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(12): 3033-3040. doi: shu

Citation: MA J G, HOU F J, BOWATTE S. Effects of toxic plants on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial abundance in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(12): 3033-3040. doi: shu

青藏高原高寒草甸有毒植物对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物丰度的影响

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重庆欢乐生肖 lanzhoudaxuecaodinongyeshengtaixitongguojiazhongdianshiyanshi / lanzhoudaxuenongyenongcunbucaomuyechuangxinzhongdianshiyanshi / lanzhoudaxuecaodinongyekejixueyuan，gansu lanzhou 730020

作者简介: 马建国(1995-)，男，在读硕士生，研究方向为退化草地有毒植物。E-mail: .cn;

通讯作者: SamanBOWATTE, .cn

基金项目: 长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R250)；国家自然科学基金(31672472)；甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系(GARS-08)

摘要: 草地退化促进有毒植物迅速扩张，已对我国青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落多样性和生产力构成了严重威胁。已有研究表明，有毒植物入侵影响植物群落，但有毒植物对地下生物及生物过程的影响研究较少。本研究调查了在高寒草甸草地上生长的5种主要有毒植物[甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis)、瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)、披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)、麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)、黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)]对土壤特性和微生物丰度的影响，并将这些影响和无毒牧草[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)]对土壤特性和微生物丰度的影响进行了比较。研究发现，与无毒牧草垂穗披碱草相比，除麻花艽以外，所有有毒植物均显著增加了土壤全碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳(P < 0.05)，但对土壤pH没有显著影响。此外，有毒植物对土壤细菌、氨氧化细菌和反硝化细菌丰度有显著影响(P < 0.05)，但对土壤真菌丰度没有影响。结果表明，青藏高原有毒植物的扩张对土壤特性和土壤微生物有显著的影响，并且这些影响可能对草地生产力产生显著影响。

关键词:

English

Effects of toxic plants on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial abundance in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

state key laboratory of grassland agro-ecosystems / key laboratory of grassland livestock industry innovation, ministry of agriculture and rural affairs/ college of pastoral agricultural science and technology, lanzhou university, lanzhou 730020, gansu, china

Corresponding author: BOWATTE Saman, .cn

Received Date: 2018-08-02
Available Online: 2018-12-01

Abstract: The fast spread of toxic plants promoted by ongoing grassland degradation has become a serious threat to plant diversity and productivity in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in China. The impacts of toxic plant invasions on plant community characteristics have been well defined, but studies into their effects on belowground organisms and processes are rare. In this study, we investigated the effects of five dominant toxic plants growing in an alpine meadow grassland on the QTP (Oxytropis kansuensis, Stellera chamaejasme, Thermopsis lanceolata, Gentiana straminea, and Ligularia virgaurea) on soil parameters and microbial abundance. We also compared these effects with a non-toxic forage grass Elymus nutans. The results indicated that, compared to E. nutans, all toxic plants tested, except G. straminea, significantly increased total soil carbon, total soil nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon (P < 0.05). The soil pH was not effected by plant species. The toxic plants tested in this study had significant effects on the abundance of soil bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of fungi was not affected by the toxic plants. These results indicated that the spread of toxic plants on the QTP could be of significant consequence to belowground soil properties, functions, and microorganisms, and they could have a significant effect on grassland productivity.

Key words:

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  刘雪松 , 宋积成 , 朱蓉雪 , 安方玉 . 天祝草原主要有毒植物及其药用价值. 草业科学, 2014, 8(3): 543-550. doi: 重庆欢乐生肖

重庆欢乐生肖

图 1 重庆欢乐生肖有毒和无毒植物对土壤特性的影响

Figure 1. 重庆欢乐生肖 Effects of toxic and non-toxic plants on soil properties

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图 2 有毒和无毒植物对土壤微生物基因丰度影响

Figure 2. 重庆欢乐生肖 Effects of toxic and non-toxic plants on soil microbial gene abundance

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图 3 植物与土壤理化性质和微生物丰度相关性分析

Figure 3. Correlation analysis of plant and soil physicochemical properties and microbial abundance

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表 1 5种有毒和1种无毒植物特征

Table 1. Details of five toxic and one non-toxic plant species used in this experiment

植物 Plant	毒害部位 Toxic part of the plant	有毒成分 Toxic compound	危害动物 Susceptible animal
豆科，甘肃棘豆 Leguminosae, Oxytropis kansuensis (Oxy)	全株有毒 Whole plant is toxic	吲哚里西啶生物碱苦马豆素 Indolicidine alkaloid bitamonine	马和绵羊 Horse and sheep
豆科，披针叶黄华 Leguminosae, Thermopsis lanceolata (The)	全株有毒 Whole plant is toxic	黄花碱奎诺里西啶类生物碱 Anthracine quinolidine alkaloid	各种动物 All animals
瑞香科，瑞香狼毒 Thymelaeaceae, Stellera chamaejasme (Ste)	全株有毒 Whole plant is toxic	异狼毒素黄酮类化合物 Isochamaejasmin flavones	各种动物 All animals
菊科，黄帚橐吾 Compositae, Ligularia virgaurea (Lig)	全株有毒 Whole plant is toxic	倍半萜和吡咯里西啶生物碱 Sesquiterpene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids	牛羊 Cattle, Sheep
龙胆科，麻花艽 Gentianaceae, Gentiana straminea (Gen)	全株小毒 Whole plant poison	龙胆苦苷环烯醚帖苷类化合物 Gentiopicroside cycloenoside compounds	作用小 Weak toxicity effect on all animals
禾本科，垂穗披碱草 Gramineae, Elymus nutans (Ely)	无毒 Non toxic	无毒 Non toxic	可食 Palatable

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 引物信息及反应条件

Table 2. qPCR primer details and thermal conditions

基因 Gene	引物 Primer	碱基序列 Sequence (5′–3′)	热循环条件 Thermal cycle	循环数 Number of cycles	参考文献 Reference
16S rDNA	515F	GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG	95 ℃/15 s, 60 ℃/30 s	35	[19]
16S rDNA	907R	CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT	72 ℃/30 s, 80 ℃/30 s	35	[19]
18S rDNA	FF390	CGATAACGAACGAGACCT	95 ℃/15 s, 60 ℃/30 s, 72 ℃/1 min, 95 ℃/15 s	35	[20]
18S rDNA	FR1	AICCATTCAATCGGTAIT	70 ℃/15 s, 95 ℃/15 s	35	[20]
Bacterial amoA gene	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	94 ℃/60 s, 55 ℃/45 s	40	[21]
Bacterial amoA gene	amoA-2R	CCCCTCGGGAAAGCCTTCTTCTTC	72 ℃/60 s	40	[21]
nirS	cd3af	(GT(C/G))AACGT(C/G)AAGGA(A/G)AC(C/G)GG)	94 ℃/60 s	40	[22]
nirS	R3cd	GA(C/G)TTCGG(A/G)TG(C/G)GTCTTGA	57 ℃/60 s, 72 ℃/60 s	40	[23]
nosZ	nosZ-F	CG(C/T)TGTTC(A/C)TCGACAGCCAG	94 ℃/4 min, 94 ℃/30 s	40	[22]
nosZ	nosZ1622R	CGC(G/A)A(C/G)GGCAA(G/C)AAGGT(G/C)CG	56 ℃/60 s, 72 ℃/60 s, 72 ℃/5 min	40	[22]