引用本文: 郭天斗，赵亚楠，周玉蓉，王红梅. 宁夏东部荒漠草原灌丛引入过程中土壤呼吸响应特征. 草业科学, 2019, 36(12): 3052-3064. doi: shu

Citation: GUO T D, ZHAO Y N, ZHOU Y R, WANG H M. Responses of soil respiration to shrub introduction in the desert steppe of the eastern Ningxia. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(12): 3052-3064. doi: shu

宁夏东部荒漠草原灌丛引入过程中土壤呼吸响应特征

郭天斗 ^1, ,
赵亚楠 ^1, ,
周玉蓉 ^1, ,
王红梅 ^{1,2,
,}

1.
重庆欢乐生肖 ningxiadaxuenongxueyuan，ningxia yinchuan 750021
2.
重庆欢乐生肖 xibeituihuashengtaixitonghuifuyuzhongjianjiaoyubuzhongdianshiyanshi，ningxia yinchuan 750021

作者简介: 郭天斗(1995-)，男，甘肃古浪人，在读硕士生，研究方向为草地资源、生态与环境。E-mail: ;

通讯作者: 王红梅,

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31860677)；国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500505)；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设资助项目(NXYLXK2017A01)；宁夏科技支撑计划项目(2015惠民计划)

摘要: 为探究宁夏东部荒漠草原灌丛引入过程中土壤呼吸响应特征，选取封育草地、放牧地及不同灌丛年限(22、12、3年)和间距(40、6、2 m)的柠条灌丛地(Caragana korshinskii)，开展草原–放牧–灌丛引入中土壤呼吸、水分、碳氮、微生物及相关研究。结果表明: 0 – 10 cm土层土壤水分具有明显季节变化，灌丛引入加剧深层土壤水分消耗。土壤呼吸响应表层土壤水分的季节变化，灌丛引入后土壤呼吸减弱，不同年限灌丛地与封育、放牧草地无显著差异(P > 0.05)，但随间距的缩小差异显著(P < 0.05)。土壤有机碳在封育、放牧草地随土层加深而降低，且随着灌丛年限的增大和间距的缩小而降低；全氮在封育草地都较高，而放牧地含量较低，随着灌丛年限的增大和间距的缩小而增加，但差异不明显(P > 0.05)。灌丛引入使各菌群数量显著增加(P < 0.05)，但在间距最小(2 m)时显著降低。随着灌丛引入土壤微生物量碳降低，且随年限增长而增加，而在生长到一定年限又随间距的缩小而降低；土壤呼吸熵(qCO₂)随年限的增加而减小，随间距的缩小而增大。土壤呼吸与土壤水分、土壤微生物量碳正相关，且与土壤水分极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，与土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物数量负相关，其与放线菌数量显著负相关(P < 0.05)。

关键词:

English

Responses of soil respiration to shrub introduction in the desert steppe of the eastern Ningxia

1.
college of agriculture, ningxia university, yinchuan 750021, ningxia, china
2.
key laboratory of ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, ministry of education, yinchuan 750021, ningxia, china

Corresponding author: Hongmei WANG,

Received Date: 2018-08-02
Available Online: 2018-12-01

Abstract: We aimed to study the responses of soil respiration to shrub introduction in the desert steppe of eastern Ningxia. We selected an enclosed grassland, grazing grassland, and Caragana korshinskii shrubland of different shrub years (22, 12, 3 a) and intervals (40, 6, 2 m) to study the association between soil respiration, moisture, carbon, nitrogen, and microorganisms during grassland grazing and shrub introduction. The results showed that the soil’s moisture in 0 – 10 cm layer had obvious seasonal dynamics, and the introduction of shrubs could consumed much more water in deeper soil. The seasonal changes of soil respiration had correspondence with surface soil moisture. Soil respiration decreased after the introduction of shrubs, and there was no significant difference in different shrub years between the enclosed and grazing grassland, but there were significant differences with the decrease of intervals. Soil’s organic carbon decreased with the deeper soil layer, which decreased with the increasing shrub year and decreasing shrub interval. Soil’s total nitrogen in enclosed grassland was higher than that in shrublands, while that of grazing grassland was comparatively lower. The total nitrogen content increased with increasing shrub year and decreasing shrub interval, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). The introduction of shrubs caused significant increase in the number of each microbial community (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased when the planting intervals are 2 m. After the introduction of shrubs, the quantity of microorganisms significantly increased, but significantly decreased with the high density. Soil’s microbial biomass carbon decreased with the introduction of shrubs and increased with the growth of years and reduced with the decreasing shrub interval after growth in certain years. The qCO₂ level decreased with the extension of years and increased with the decrease of intervals. Soil respiration was positively correlated with soil moisture and soil microbial carbon quantity. Soil respiration had significant positive correlation with soil moisture (P < 0.01), negative correlation with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial quantity, and the differences significantly negatively correlated between soil respiration and actinomycetes (P < 0.05).

Key words:

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重庆欢乐生肖

图 1 重庆欢乐生肖盐池县2017年日气温变化与1987–2017年月均及当年各月降水量分布

Figure 1. The change of daily temperature in 2017 and the distribution patterns of monthly precipitation from 1987 to 2017 and every month in 2017 in Yanchi County

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图 2 灌丛引入过程土壤含水量垂直特征

Figure 2. 重庆欢乐生肖 Vertical characteristics of soil’s moisture content during shrub introduction

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图 3 灌丛引入过程土壤水分季节动态

Figure 3. Seasonal dynamics of soil moisture during shrub introduction

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图 4 灌丛引入过程土壤呼吸季节动态变化

Figure 4. 重庆欢乐生肖 Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration during shrub introduction

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图 5 灌丛引入过程年均土壤呼吸速率变化

Figure 5. Changes of annual soil respiration rate during shrub introduction

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图 6 重庆欢乐生肖灌丛引入过程土壤微生物数量特征

Figure 6. 重庆欢乐生肖 Quantitative characteristics of soil microorganisms during shrub introduction

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图 7 重庆欢乐生肖灌丛引入过程土壤微生物量碳及呼吸熵变化

Figure 7. 重庆欢乐生肖 Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and respiratory quotients during shrub introduction

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表 1 重庆欢乐生肖样地基本情况

Table 1. 重庆欢乐生肖 description of the sampling sites

样地 Sampling site	处理 Treatment	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	优势植物 Dominant plant species
封育草地(EG) Enclosed grassland	封育14年 14-year enclosed	107°14' E	37°53' N	猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)、赖草(Leymus secalimus)、虫实(Corispermum hyssopifolium)
放牧草地(GG) Grazing grassland	适度放牧 Moderate grazing	107°18' E	37°52' N	刺蓬(Salsola ruthenica)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)、骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)
3年灌丛(SY3) 3-year shrubs	间距6 m Planting space: 6 m	107°21' E	37°50' N	猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、赖草(Leymus secalimus)、牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)
12年灌丛(SY12) 12-year shrubs	间距6 m Planting space: 6 m	107°20' E	37°51' N	牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)、白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)
22年灌丛(SY22) 22-year shrubs	间距6 m Planting space: 6 m	107°17' E	37°51' N	牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)
40米间距(SI40) Shrub interval: 40 m	1990年种植 Planting in 1990	107°21' E	37°55' N	猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)
6米间距(SI6) Shrub interval: 6 m	1994年种植 Planting in 1994	107°17' E	37°51' N	牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)
2米间距(SI2) Shrub interval: 2 m	1992年种植 Planting in 1992	107°17' E	37°50' N	猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)

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表 2 重庆欢乐生肖草原–放牧–不同年限灌丛引入过程土壤有机碳、全氮变化

Table 2. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen during grassland–grazing–different shrub years

项目 Item	土层 Soil layer/cm	草原–放牧–不同年限 Grassland – grazing – different shrub years
项目 Item	土层 Soil layer/cm	EG	GG	SY3	SY12	SY22
有机碳 Soil organic carbon/(g·kg^–1)	0 – 20	1.92 ± 0.11Bb	3.08 ± 0.10Aa	3.33 ± 0.30Ba	2.95 ± 0.21Aa	3.53 ± 0.10Ba
	20 – 40	4.80 ± 0.99Aa	2.61 ± 0.41Ab	3.75 ± 0.28ABab	3.04 ± 0.04Aab	5.12 ± 0.38Aa
	40 – 60	3.30 ± 0.71ABbc	1.81 ± 0.08Bc	3.47 ± 0.17Bb	2.30 ± 0.31Abc	5.18 ± 0.24Aa
	60 – 80	2.81 ± 0.21Bb	1.91 ± 0.17Bc	4.15 ± 0.18Aa	3.45 ± 0.27Aab	2.84 ± 0.25Ab
	80 – 100	1.87 ± 0.35Bbc	1.09 ± 0.11Cc	3.19 ± 0.27Ba	2.86 ± 0.47Aab	2.47 ± 0.11Aab
全氮 Total nitrogen/(g·kg^–1)	0 – 20	0.42 ± 0.06ABa	0.29 ± 0.03Aa	0.28 ± 0.06Aa	0.28 ± 0.07Aa	0.42 ± 0.03Aa
	20 – 40	0.69 ± 0.14Aa	0.23 ± 0.07Ab	0.27 ± 0.01Ab	0.45 ± 0.06Aab	0.52 ± 0.08Aab
	40 – 60	0.43 ± 0.03ABb	0.32 ± 0.03Abc	0.24 ± 0.01Ac	0.24 ± 0.04Ac	0.56 ± 0.01Aa
	60 – 80	0.53 ± 0.08ABa	0.21 ± 0.03Ab	0.29 ± 0.06Ab	0.30 ± 0.04Ab	0.60 ± 0.06Aa
	80 – 100	0.24 ± 0.04Bab	0.19 ± 0.06Ab	0.31 ± 0.06Aab	0.28 ± 0.08Aab	0.45 ± 0.06Aa
同列不同大写字母表示同一样地不同土层间差异显著(P < 0.05)，同行不同小写字母表示同一土层不同样地间差异显著(P < 0.05)。表3同。　Different capital letters indicate significant difference among different layers in each sample plots at the 0.05 level, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among all sample plots of the same layer at the 0.05 level; similarly representations are present in Table 3.

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表 3 草原–放牧–不同间距灌丛引入过程土壤有机碳和全氮变化

Table 3. 重庆欢乐生肖 Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen during grassland – grazing – different shrub intervals

项目 Item	土层 Soil layer/cm	草原–放牧–不同间距 Grassland – grazing – different shrub intervals
项目 Item	土层 Soil layer/cm	EG	GG	SI40	SI6	SI2
有机碳 Soil organic carbon/(g·kg^–1)	0 – 20	1.92 ± 0.11Bc	3.08 ± 0.10Ab	3.61 ± 0.14BCa	3.53 ± 0.10Bab	3.19 ± 0.13Aab
	20 – 40	4.80 ± 0.99Aab	2.61 ± 0.41Ac	4.19 ± 0.24ABabc	5.12 ± 0.38Aa	2.84 ± 0.20Bbc
	40 – 60	3.30 ± 0.71ABbc	1.81 ± 0.08Bc	4.79 ± 0.35Aab	5.18 ± 0.24Aa	2.55 ± 0.11Cc
	60 – 80	2.81 ± 0.21Ba	1.91 ± 0.17Bb	3.21 ± 0.25CDa	2.84 ± 0.25BCa	3.01 ± 0.18Aa
	80 – 100	1.87 ± 0.35Bab	1.09 ± 0.11Cb	2.63 ± 0.16Da	2.47 ± 0.11Ca	2.67 ± 0.17BCa
全氮 Total nitrogen/(g·kg^–1)	0 – 20	0.42 ± 0.06ABa	0.29 ± 0.03Aab	0.27 ± 0.03Ab	0.42 ± 0.03Aa	0.35 ± 0.01Aab
	20 – 40	0.69 ± 0.14Aa	0.23 ± 0.07Ab	0.35 ± 0.07Aab	0.52 ± 0.08Aab	0.26 ± 0.07Ab
	40 – 60	0.43 ± 0.03ABb	0.32 ± 0.03Ab	0.34 ± 0.04Ab	0.56 ± 0.01Aa	0.21 ± 0.01Ac
	60 – 80	0.53 ± 0.08ABab	0.21 ± 0.03Ac	0.24 ± 0.03Ac	0.60 ± 0.06Aa	0.29 ± 0.06Abc
	80 – 100	0.24 ± 0.04Ba	0.19 ± 0.06Aa	0.25 ± 0.08Aa	0.45 ± 0.06Aa	0.25 ± 0.03Aa

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表 4 灌丛引入土壤呼吸与土壤水分、有机碳、全氮及土壤微生物的相关分析

Table 4. 重庆欢乐生肖 Correlation analysis of soil respiration, soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil microorganism under different shrub introduction conditions

项目 Item	土壤呼吸 Soil respiration
项目 Item	r	P
0 – 10 cm土壤水分 0 – 10 cm soil moisture	0.372	0.003^**
0 – 20 cm土壤有机碳 0 – 20 cm soil organic carbon	–0.378	0.148
0 – 20 cm土壤全氮 0 – 20 cm soil total nitrogen	–0.358	0.173
放线菌 Soil actinomycetes	–0.619	0.011^*
真菌 Soil fungus	–0.238	0.374
细菌 Soil bacteria	–0.323	0.223
微生物生物量碳 Soil microbial carbon	0.046	0.866
表示显著相关(P < 0.05)；表示极显著相关(P < 0.01)。　 and ** indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.